Thomas Rowlandson, Entrance of Oxford Street or Tyburn Turnpike (1809). Image: Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection, B1977.14.21238

Tolls saved Britain from pothole hell in the Industrial Revolution

23 April 2026

The ‘turnpike’ toll road system deserves far more credit for improving roads in 18th-century England and Wales, a new study argues. Analysis of nearly 100 travellers’ diaries reveals that turnpiking improved comfort and reduced danger on the roads, as well as speeding up wheeled vehicle journeys.

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